MUDALIAR COMMISSION 1952-53 /SECONDARY EDUCATION COMMISSION B.Ed Notes

INTRODUCTION

In 1951 Central Advisory Board of Education advised the central government to appoint secondary education commission. The government appointed secondary education commission on 23^rd sept, 1952. Under chairmanship of Dr. Lakshamanswami Mudaliar, the then Vice Chancellor of Madras University. On the name of its chairman this commission is termed as Mudaliar Commission.

OBJECTIVES OF MUDALIAR COMMISSION

• To study condition of contemporary secondary education and to suggest measures for its reorganization.
• To study aims, curriculum & teaching standard of secondary education of every province in India.
• To study pay-scales & service conditions of secondary school teachers.
• To study condition of secondary schools in every province.
• To study examination system of secondary level.
• To study problems of secondary education in every province & suggest their remedies.

REPORT OF MUDALIAR COMMISSION

• Commission adopted 2 methods to study existing secondary education in every province of India.
  1. Questionnaire Method
  2. Interview Method
• On the basis of information acquired through these two methods the commission prepared its report & presented to govt. of India on 29 Aug, 1953.
• This report is of 244 pages divided into 14 chapters.
• Report consist of ;
  1. 1.Shortcomings of  the then existing system of secondary education.
  2. 2.Remedies & detailed feature of the secondary education.

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : LEARN WITH DIVYANSHI

DEFECTS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

• Main aim of secondary education is to prepare students to get admission in university education, but it does not develop qualities such as cooperation, discipline & leadership among students.
• Curriculum of secondary education is impractical.
• Teaching methods are full of defects.
• Examination system is full of defects.
• Rigid time-table & unsuitable text books.
• No proper arrangements of co-curricular activities in the schools.
• No proper criteria for appointment of teachers.

SUGGESTIONS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION COMMISSION

1. SUGGESTIONS REGARDING ORGANIZATION OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

• It should be for children in the age group 11-17 years. •
• ts duration should be 7 years.
• It should be divided in 2 parts : Junior secondary stage(3 years) & Higher secondary stage(4 years)
• Intermediate classes should be abolished and class 11^th should be added to secondary education & class 12^th to degree courses.
• Multipurpose schools should be opened at higher secondary level and diversified courses should be introduced.
• Special schools for handicapped children.

2. SUGGESTIONS REGARDING AIMS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

• Development of democratic citizenship
• Development of vocational skills
• Development of personality
• Development of leadership qualities

3. SUGGESTIONS REGARDING CURRICULUM OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

• Related to real life
• Extensive and flexible
• Subjects & activities should be inter-related
• Enable students to utilize their leisure

4. SUGGESTIONS REGARDING EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

• Educational & vocational guidance Bureau should be established in every province.
• Guidance & counselling services should be organized in every secondary school. To conduct this service, career masters & guidance officers should be appointed.
• Training of career masters & guidance officers should be organized by central government.
• Guidance should be provided on the basis of their individual differences, interests, attitude, aptitude & ability.

A. CURRICULUM FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATION

• Mother tongue
• National language Hindi (whose mother is not Hindi) or any other federal language (whose mother tongue is Hindi).
• English
• Social science
• General science
• Mathematics
• Arts & music
• Handicrafts
• Physical education

B. CURRICULUM FOR THE HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION

COMPULSORY SUBJECTS


• Mother tongue
• Hindi (for non Hindi students) or elementary English or advanced English or any modern federal language or any foreign language other than English or any classical language.
• Social science (for first two years only)
• Mathematics and general science (for first two years only)
• Any vocational subjects from the following :
  Spinning & weaving, metal work, wood work, gardening,       handicraft, sewing & embroidery, printing or typography. •

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS

The commission divided optional subjects into 7 categories & fixed different curriculum for each category.

1.SCIENCE :
Physics, chemistry, biology, geography, mathematics, physiology & hygiene.

2.COMMERCE:
Book keeping, short hand and typing, commercial geography and elements of economics.

3.HUMANITIES :
History, geography, general principles of economics & civics, psychology & logic, mathematics, music, home science, classical language.

4.TECHNICAL :
Mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, general science, general mathematics & geometrical drawing.

5.AGRICULTURE :
Animal husbandry, gardening, agricultural chemistry & botany.

6.FINE ARTS :
Painting, modelling, music, dance, history of art, drawing & designing.

7.HOME SCIENCE (ONLY FOR GIRLS) :
Home economics, food, nutrition & cooking, motherhood (nursing & child care), home management.

DEMERITS OF THE COMMISSION

• Overburdened & diverse curriculum
• No clear suggestion for English
• Costly multipurpose schools
• ill defined structure of secondary education
• No suggestion regarding women education

CONTRIBUTION IN PROGRESS OF MODERN INDIAN SECONDARY EDUCATION

• All India Advisory Board of Secondary Education was formed at centre to find out problems of secondary education and to suggest their remedies.
• Education of general science was made compulsory.
• In some secondary schools NCC was organized.
• Mother-tongue was made the medium of secondary education which made expansion of secondary education possible.
• Reforms in training of teachers, their pay scales & service conditions.
• Facility of educational & vocational guidance & counselling was made available in secondary schools.